Effects of drought stress and water recovery on physiological. This crop is a major source of edible oils in many parts of the world. Molecular and morphophysiological analysis of drought stress. Similar results were obtained in other separate 51,52. Overall, drought treatment decreased plant weight by 45%. According to the structural features of their oligomeric domains, plant hsf proteins comprise three conserved.
The main consequences of drought in crop plants are reduced rate of cell division and expansion, leaf size, stem elongation and root proliferation, and disturbed stomatal oscillations, plant water and nutrient relations with diminished crop productivity, and water use. Effects of abiotic stress on plants the university of liverpool. Jul 14, 2016 increasing vulnerability of plants to a variety of stresses such as drought, salt and extreme temperatures poses a global threat to sustained growth and productivity of major crops. The landscape environment can be modified to reduce or prevent drought stress by irrigation, mulching, and providing shade. Scarcity of water is a severe environmental constraint to plant productivity. Identification of the potential novel genes responsible for drought tolerance in crop plants will contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of crop. Molecular and physiological analysis of drought stress in. Fraction of world arable land subject to drought abiotic stress 26%. Sohrabi 1 1 department of agronomy and plant breeding, faculty of agriculture, university of kurdistan, sanandaj, p. Effects of drought stress on growth and development. General mechanisms of drought response and their application. Reduction of plant growth is the most typical symptom of drought stress sairam and srivastava, 2001. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms by which vegetation in that area responds to drought stress may enable us to improve utilization of limited water resources and thus contend with the problem of drought and water shortage. Effects of drought stress, planting density and geometry.
Drought induced loss in crop yield probably exceeds losses from all other causes, since both the severity and duration of the stress are critical. An increase in the endogenous levels of ck through expression of isopentenyltransferase ipt, a ck biosynthetic pathway gene, leads to stress adaptation by delaying drought induced senescence and an increase in yield 41, 42. The commercial medicinal values of an aromatic plant rely on the presence of secondary metabolites that are affected under water shortage. Increase in water absorption and transportation, declination of transpiration a. Effect of drought and heat stresses on plant growth and yield. Drought stress is a primary factor for limiting crop productivity 17. The effects of sodium nitroprusside treatment on induced drought stress were investigated gomaa, 2010. Water status was assessed under field conditions by measurements of relative turgidity rt at noon.
An experiment was designed to study the effect of gypsum and drought stress on growth, water status and yield with maize zea mays l. Is a period or conduction of unusually dry weather with a geographic area where there is a lack of precipitation. Factors were drought stress, as main factor with 3 levels normal irrigation and retain irrigation at plant height of 2030 cm. Drought stress account fro more production losses than all other factors combined. This is also referred to as drought avoidance levitt, 1972. An important research strategy that has been widely used to deal with such complexity is to use molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci qtls in appropriate mapping populations. Problems can be combined, so that drought can be accompanied by a buildup of salinity in soils from irrigation water.
We studied bothriochloa ischaemum, a native grass species, conducted. Both nacl and peg inhibited germination and seedling growth in all cultivars, but the effects of nacl compared to peg were less on germination and seedling growth. Various management strategies have been proposed to cope with drought stress. Bolero appeared to be more tolerant to salt stress, but sprinter cv. Droughtinduced loss in crop yield probably exceeds losses from all other causes, since both the severity and duration of the stress are critical. Drought or soil water deficit can be chronic in climatic regions with low water availability or random and unpredictable due to changes in weather conditions during the period of plant growth. Thus, an understanding of drought stress and water.
Faculty of water sciences, ahwaz, iran abstract chegah, s. Effects of drought and recovery from drought stress on above. The combined effect of both heat and drought on yield of many crops is stronger than the effects of each stress alone. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. Drought stress and its effect in plants biotech articles. This article also describes the mechanism of drought resistance in plants on a morphological, physiological and molecular basis. Albaji2 1 shahid chamran university, department of horticultural science, ahwaz, iran 2 shahid chamran university, department of irrigation and drainage. The principal aim of present study was to survey the effects of drought stress induced on germination and early seedling stage of two cultivars of b. Effects of drought stress, planting density and geometry on. Effects of drought stress and defoliation on soybean.
Transcription factors and plants response to drought stress. Effect of drought stress on yield, proline and chlorophyll contents in three chickpea cultivars a. Physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress. Drought stress drought is a major environmental stress factor that affects the growth and development of plants. Research progress and perspective on drought stress in legumes. Effects of drought and recovery from drought stress on above ground and root growth, and water use efficiency in sugarcane saccharum officinarum l. Effects of abiotic stress on plants the university of. Effects of salt and drought stresses on germination and.
Drought stress reduces leaf size, stem extension and root proliferation, disturbs plant water relations and reduces wateruse efficiency. Growth, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional. Pdf scarcity of water is a severe environmental constraint to plant productivity. Effect of drought and heat stresses on plant growth and. Effects of drought stress on morphological characteristics. Drought stress effects on medicinal and aromatic plants. Effects, mechanisms and management article pdf available in agronomy for sustainable development 291 march 2009 with 19,866 reads how we measure reads. It is thus evident that effects of water stress on chlorophyll is species specific. No stress was defined as rt greater than 90% drought stress as rt less than 90%. Increasing impacts are expected for the future, yet few studies have aimed for a general understanding of the regional basis for species vulnerability. This study was conducted to determine the effects of drought stress, planting density and geometry on rice using a splitsplit plots design based on randomized complete block with 4 replications in 2010 to 2011. Drought stress has adverse influence on water relations in arachis hypogeae lawson et al. Developed root system and higher ratio of root to shoot. Water shortage in the aridsemiarid regions of china seriously hampers ecosystem construction.
Klubertanz iowa state university follow this and additional works at. Plant adaptation to drought stress pubmed central pmc. Thus, there is an urgent need for breeding high yielding cultivars. Thus, the molecular mechanism of the heat stress response and breeding of heattolerant plants is necessary to protect food production and ensure crop safety.
Effects of climate change and droughtstress on plant. Drought is a major environmental stress factor that affects the growth and development of plants. Also, a plant that was wellwatered prior to drought will usually survive drought better than a continuously droughtstressed plant. Increasing vulnerability of plants to a variety of stresses such as drought, salt and extreme temperatures poses a global threat to sustained growth and productivity of major crops. But, the nonarid zone plants suffer heavy loss in growth and yield because they do not have above said mechanisms to tolerate the stress. Biomass composition was drastically altered due to drought stress, with large reductions in cell wall and. Part of theagricultural science commons,agriculture commons,agronomy and crop sciences commons, and theentomology commons. Drought stress reduces leaf size, stem extension and root proliferation, disturbs plant water relations plant water relations subject category.
In young peach trees for example, drought stress has been reported to decrease chlorophyll 53,54. Drought stress is a major abiotic constraint limiting crop production world wide. Mechanisms of resistance to drought and the methods to increase the resistance 1. Morphological and physiological plant responses to drought. Cold stress, although seasonal, has some similarities to a drought, since as water freezes it creates concentrated solutions of solutes. Three major hypotheses are considered in the present work for analyzing drought stress effects on nitrogenase. Our study about effects, mechanisms and management strategies. Drought stress effects on medicinal and aromatic plants and. The conditions used in our study, therefore, were not lethal to plants.
These plants resist the water stress situations due to the following adaptive features mechanisms. May 03, 2017 drought stress and tolerance mechanisms in crops. In current study, we investigated the adverse effects of drought stress on growth, yield and endogenous phytohormones of soybean. The ability of the plant to endure periods of drought whilst maintaining a high plant water stress. Droughtstress drought is a major environmental stress factor that affects the growth and development of plants. Also, a plant that was wellwatered prior to drought will usually survive drought better than a continuously drought stressed plant. Miscellaneous see more details and reduces wateruse efficiency. The effects of drought are expected to increase with climate change and growing water scarcity.
Drought stress is one of the premier limitations to global agricultural production due to the complexity of the waterlimiting environment and changing climate. Droughtinduced loss in crop yield probably exceeds losses from all. Effects of drought stress and water recovery on physiological responses and gene expression in maize seedlings xiangbo zhang, lei lei, jinsheng lai, haiming zhao and weibin song abstract background. Drought is one of the major factors limiting global maize production. Among the degs, the photosynthesis and hormonerelated genes were enriched in responses to drought stress and rewatering. Therefore, these plants can be grown in drought facing aridzone areas. Drought is one of the most serious worldwide problems for agriculture. Effects of drought stress on legume symbiotic nitrogen. Due to indeterminate growth habit, production of new nodes in a cotton plant depends on water availability.
Economic yield reduction by drought stress in some representative field crops. Plants have evolved a series of mechanisms at the morphological, physiological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular levels to overcome water deficit or drought stress conditions. Growth, morphological, and physiological responses to drought. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding on complex mechanisms of drought stress tolerance and to develop modern varieties that are more resilient to drought stress. Water availability is considered as a determinant factor that affects plant growth. Agricultural drought is the lack of ample moisture required for normal plant growth and development to complete the life cycle. Drought stress classification using 3d plant models. Drought stress is one of the major factors affecting nitrogen fixation by legumerhizobium symbiosis. In view of this, developing staple food cultivars with improved drought tolerance emerges as the most sustainable.
Impact of drought stress on growth and quality of miscanthus for. Effects of drought and recovery from drought stress on. Most of the physiological traits associated with drought tolerance are quantitative in nature. Effects of climate change and droughtstress on plant physiology. Plants display a variety of physiological and biochemical. Agronomy journal abstract effect of gypsum and drought. Materials and methods germination and early seedling growth 10. Water is an increasingly scarce resource given current and future human population and societal needs, putting an emphasis on sustainable water use rosegrant and cline, 2003. In the presented study, shoot fw of pegtreated plants showed an averaged significant reduction. The ability of a plant to complete the lifecycle before serious soil and plant water deficits develop drought tolerance with high tissue water potential.
Drought stress conditions negatively affects the growth parameters in melons such as 05 visual scale assessment, leaf relative water content, membrane damage index and shoot and root in k and ca ions, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and leaf area. Several mechanisms have been previously reported to be involved in the physiological response of symbiotic nitrogen fixation to drought stress, i. Studies have shown that silicon application may increase tolerance to salinity and drought in plants liang et al. It affects both elongation and expansion growth anjum et al. Plants subjected to severe water deficit produced effect of drought stress on growth attributes of maps. Molecular and morphophysiological analysis of drought. In addition, drought conditions influence the growth of weeds, agronomic management and nature and intensity of insects, pests and diseases. High temperature has become a global concern, which seriously affects the growth and production of plants, particularly crops. Beneficial effects of silicon on salt and drought tolerance. The effect of treatment and entries on seedlings height and ser was detected by using the.
Introduction drought is a period or condition of unusually dry weather within a geographic area where there is a lack of precipitation. Nisachon jangpromma 1, sompong thammasirirak 1,prasit jaisil 2 and patcharin songsri 2, 1protein and proteomics research group, department of biochemistry, faculty of science, khon kaen. Effects of drought stress and defoliation on soybean physiology and yield thomas h. Stress management drought tamil nadu agricultural university. Although drought stress is known to affect all the steps of nodule formation and functioning, most of the work on the mechanisms of drought effects on n2 fixation has focused on nitrogenase activity. What changes can be made to reduce effects of drought in the landscape. The effects of drought and salt stresses on photosynthesis are either direct as the diffusion limitations through the stomata and the mesophyll and the alterations in photosynthetic metabolism or secondary, such as the oxidative stress arising from the superimposition of multiple stresses chaves et al. Drought stress leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species ros, generated mostly in chloroplast. It has been established that drought stress is a very important limiting factor at the initial phase of plant growth and establishment.
Further rna sequencing analysis revealed that 6107 degs were responsive to drought stress and water recovery, with more downregulated than upregulated genes. Drought stress is the most prevalent environmental factor limiting crop productivity 1, and global climate change is increasing the frequency of severe drought conditions 2. Effect of drought stress and its mechanism in plants. A total of 19 and 21 hsf members have been cloned in rice oryza sativa l. Transcription factors and plants response to drought. B asra 4 1 department of agronomy, university of agriculture, faisalabad. However, the functions of these proteins are poorly understood. Drought stress tolerance in plants, vol 1 physiology and. Growth, morphological, and physiological responses to. Effect of drought stress on yield, proline and chlorophyll. Simulation of drought stress by polyethylene glycol peg induces drought stress on the plants and significant deviation from control continues to increase with the increasing solute potential.
The main consequences of drought in crop plants are reduced rate of cell division and expansion, leaf size, stem elongation and root proliferation, and disturbed stomatal oscillations, plant water and nutrient relations with diminished crop. Molecular mechanisms of the plant heat stress response. The sheer diversity of plant species grown across climatic regions that include extreme dry conditions suggests that, in nature, plants have evolved to endure drought stress. Hsf is the central control protein during the heat stress response. In some other studies on maize, drought stress greatly reduced the grain yield, which. Climate change climate change has already triggered species distribution shifts in many parts of the world.
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